调查指南

第一步

在计划或设计调查时, the most important step is to clearly define the question to be answered by the survey. A survey is most effective if its purpose can be clearly and succinctly 状态d. Surveys that are vague or overly-broad can become too long or difficult to analyze. 另外, 取决于要回答的问题, 调查可能不是回答这个问题的最佳方法. 焦点小组和访谈是在某些情况下可能有用的其他方法的例子.

一旦确定了问题或主题, OIRE建议审查现有信息，看看是否有可能使用其他办公室或现有调查收集的数据来回答你的问题. 我们鼓励您与我们联系([email]data@hmc).edu(/电子邮件)) for a consultation to find out what information is already available. OIRE员工可以讨论我们收集的数据如何能够回答您的问题或为您的调查提供反馈. If you find that your question can be answered by an analysis of existing data, OIRE欢迎具体要求提供数据.

调查选项

如果现有数据无法回答您的问题, there are options for using a survey to answer your question. We encourage you to ask OIRE for advice on which option best suits your needs.

  1. 亲自进行调查. 商业工具(e).g.， SurveyMonkey, Qualtrics, Google Forms)允许您创建，托管和管理自己的调查.
  2. 让OIRE为您主持和管理调查. 视情况和现有的调查时间表而定, OIRE可以帮助您设计调查, 主人, 为你管理和分析它.
  3. Include your questions on a survey already scheduled for administration. 在某些情况下, 校园选区在OIRE管理的调查中附加了数量有限的针对性问题. In these situations, OIRE maintains editorial rights and the right to refuse questions.

重要的注意事项

这取决于你调查的人口和主题, the following issues should be carefully addressed before a survey is administered:

院校审查委员会批准

如果调查参与者的待遇是不道德的，您和学院可能会承担法律责任, 如果您的调查结果数据被滥用, or if any part of the survey violates certain protected rights of individuals. 调查人员应意识到自己的责任，并尽一切努力保护调查对象的权利. 更多信息请咨询 IRB.

人类研究保护办公室(OHRP)培训

If the data to be gathered and used are part of an academic research project, 该项目将需要由IRB审查和批准，以确保它符合他们的要求. 如果数据将用于管理目的, 它可能会免于审计委员会的正式审查, but the survey must be voluntary and the results kept confidential. 更多信息请咨询 IRB.

答辩人的权利

Our office adheres to the Association of 制度研究’s 道德原则声明. 任何调查都必须清楚地确定进行调查的团体或个人，并提供联系信息(通常是姓名), 如被访者对调查的内容或对调查结果的使用/公布有任何疑问，请以电邮地址及电话号码填妥. 这些信息通常包含在说明书中. 示例语言如下:

“你被要求完成这项调查，作为工程部年度评估的一部分. 如果您对调查有任何问题或担忧, please contact the Director of 制度研究及成效, Dr. Laura Palucki Blake，邮箱:lpblake@hmc.Edu [/email]或x78191 "

All participants must be notified that their participation in the survey is voluntary. 自愿参与意味着参与者有权决定他们分享多少太阳2注册平台自己的信息. This means they can decide whether or not to participate in the survey, but it also means they should not be required to answer any item on the survey. 示例语言如下:

“你的参与完全是自愿的, 你也没有义务回答任何你不想回答的问题. 你可以选择不回答任何你不想回答的特定问题，但仍然参加调查.”

or

“Your participation is voluntary and your responses will be confidential. Pseudonyms will be substituted for any identifying information, unless we explicitly obtain your permission to use your name. 教师, 工作人员, 学生, 其他获得许可或有权查看您的学习信息的人将在法律和机构政策允许和要求的范围内保持其机密性. The names or personal identifiers of participants will not be published or presented. If you feel you have not been treated according to the descriptions in this form, or if you have any questions about your rights as a research subject, 包括问题, 担忧, 投诉, 或者提供输入, you may call the 制度研究及成效 at [tel]909.607.8191[/tel]或发邮件至[email]data@158idc.net(/电子邮件).”

If your survey of data analysis will include academic or contact information for HMC 学生, you may be subject to Federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) regulations. 非目录学生数据(如.g., 平均绩点, 主要(s), 种族/民族)可以在未经学生同意的情况下用于“合法教育”目的, provided the data are not reported in such a way that individual 学生 can be identified. 所有其他用户必须得到学生的书面同意才能访问非目录学生数据. 了解更多太阳2注册平台 学生的权利，或联络注册主任办公室.

机密性和匿名性

匿名调查意味着研究人员无法确定谁参加了调查，谁没有. Anonymous surveys typically do not collect identifying information, 也不能限制每个人只能回答一个问题. Keep in mind that even a survey does not collect identifying information, even collecting an IP address (as electronic survey tools do) can compromise anonymity. Anonymous surveys are often employed for sensitive subject matters (e.g.(性侵犯、酗酒、吸毒和滥用)，因为匿名可以得到更诚实的回答.

保密调查收集的信息可以单独或联合识别参与者.g., 种族/民族, 性别, 主要, 年级)，并允许研究人员分析各种人口统计因素的反应, but also means researchers have a responsibility to protect the privacy of the participant. 当数据被秘密收集时, 让参与者知道数据将在组级别进行分析，以便去识别参与者，这是有帮助的, and that results that potentially identify participants will not be presented.

激励

Depending on the population and the survey, you may offer incentives to survey respondents. 激励措施应该是积极的.e.(不参与没有负面影响). 它们应该与调查的主题相关，并且足够小，以免具有强制性.g. 亚马逊礼品卡, 星巴克, 或者书店, 电影票, t恤, 克莱尔蒙特现金, 超过一定金额的奖励可以被解释为礼物，并可能干扰学生的经济援助或违反NCAA规则. Raffles or lotteries can also be construed as gambling, and require special documentation. Please consult with OIRE if you have questions about incentives.

简单

调查越短越简单, the more likely respondents are to answer all the questions and answer them honestly. 复杂或冗长的调查可能会惹恼受访者，导致他们中途停止回答，或者为了快速回答而随意选择答案.

权限

在对人群进行调查之前, 因此给很大一部分人发邮件, it is important to notify and get permission from those responsible for that population. 例如, 然后调查所有计算机科学专业的学生, one would contact the chair of the 计算机科学 department. 在向学生发送调查问卷之前，我要联系学生事务副校长. Before emailing a dorm list, one would contact the dorm proctor. OIRE可以帮助您联系合适的人.

抽样与普查

在计划调查时, 重要的是要决定是否需要对整个人群(所有HMC老年人)或人群样本(随机选择的50名HMC老年人)进行调查。. 这种选择取决于您希望如何分析结果. 如果你对广泛的测量感兴趣，比如总体满意度，一个样本可能就足够了. 如果你想回答太阳2注册平台数学专业的高年级学生和计算机专业的高年级学生的问题, 你可能需要一个更大的样本或人口普查，以便有足够的受访者来完成你的分析.

测试

从你打算调查的人群中抽取一小群人对你的调查和调查问题进行试点测试是很有用的. 这可以帮助你了解你所写的问题将如何被理解和回答, 调查是否太长或过于复杂. 这是你除掉虫子的机会.

时机

OIRE维持一个 已知调查日历:

Please consult the calendar and OIRE for the timing of your survey, 同时进行针对同一人群的调查可以降低回复率并使受访者负担过重. OIRE会将您的调查添加到日历中.

分析和报告结果

After your data have been collected, you will want to analyze the results. Simple analysis can be done using Excel or Google, and displayed with tables and graphs. More advanced statistical analysis will require the use of software such as R, SPSS, or Stata. All are available to the HMC community, but have a learning curve. OIRE主要使用SPSS, 以及OIRE是否为你主持了这项调查, 可以为你提供一份调查分析吗. 取决于时间安排和可用性, OIRE may be able to analyze surveys that are 主人ed independently.

代表性

A sample needs to be large enough to protect the privacy of respondents, and it also needs to be large enough for your results to be considered representative, 但这并不意味着你需要所有人. If you are interested in the responses of women in 化学, 例如, 你会收到来自“化学女性”的5条回复, 可能有50个女人, 你不能自信地说她们的回答代表了化学领域的女性. 计算在给定误差范围内具有代表性的最小样本量, 访问 样本大小计算器.

电池体积小

为了保护被访者的隐私, it is important that you do not report results for very small groups of people. 例如, if your intended report would break responses out by department, 但是工程部只有3个人回复了, then reporting those responses could jeopardize the privacy of those respondents. OIRE仅报告摘要结果，并使用仅报告单元格大小为5或更大的标准实践.

归档数据

一旦你收集完数据, 你应该考虑将调查工具存档, 管理细节, 以及单位层面的响应. OIRE为HMC数据和报告维护一个安全的服务器, 并乐于将在HMC收集的数据存档. 这是特别有用的, 例如, 当教师休假或如果调查数据需要在夏季/休息期间访问, 如果一个学生团体换了领导, 等. If the group that administers the survey does not archive the data, 结果可能会丢失，而不是用于HMC未来的讨论和决策.

一旦你的结果被分析和报告, we urge you to share your results in a way that is accessible to the community you surveyed. OIRE通过对结果的透明发现了这一点, the populations we survey can see the value in answering surveys. 例如，请参见 按仪器划分的机构成果.

了解更多信息